Notes-for-CAIE

Table of contents

Quantum Physics

State what is meant by work function energy [2]

m20 42 Q10

State what is meant by the threshold frequency [2]

What is meant by the de Broglie wavelength [2]

State the de Broglie relation [2]

State what is meant by a photon [3]

Write all the 3 points.

Describe an experiment to demonstrate the wave nature of electrons [5]

State experimental observations that support the particle nature of electromagnetic radiation [3]

w20 42 Q11 [2]
s17 42 Q10 [2]
s19 42 Q11 [3]

Explain how the line spectrum of hydrogen provides evidence for the existence of discrete electron energy levels in atoms. [3]

Explain why threshold frequency and short emission time provide evidence for the particulate nature of e.m. radiation, as opposed to wave theory [4]

Write all the 5 points.

Describe the appearance of a visible line emission spectrum [2]

w18 42 Q11

Use band theory to explain why the resistance of semiconductor decreases as temperature increases [4]

w19 42 Q10 [4]
s19 42 Q7 [5]

Write all of them.

Use band theory to explain why the resistance of copper wire increases as temperature increases [4]

s20 42 Q11 [4]
m18 42 Q11 [4]

Use concept of to explain the existence of the dark lines in emission spectrum of cool gas incident with white light [4]

s20 43 Q10

Why a continuous distribution of wavelengths in emission spectrum [3]

w20 Q7 [3]

image_1

Why narrow peaks of increased intensity at certain wavelengths in emission spectrum [3]

w20 Q7 [3]

Describe the appearance of the spectrum of the absorption

Explain how the energy band is produced

Why LDR’s resistance decreases as light intensity increases

Nuclear Physics

Hints

Describe the photoelectric effect [2]

s18 42 Q10

State what is meant by the binding energy of a nucleus [2]

Why binding energy per nucleon of U-235 is smaller than that of La-139 [3]

s17 42 Q12

State what is meant by nuclear fission [2]

State what is meant by nuclear fusion [1]

What is meant by random decay [1]

w19 42 Q12

What is meant by spontaneous and random in decay [2]

s20 43 Q12

spontaneous:

random:

What is meant by radioactive decay [2]

s18 42 Q10 [2]
w17 42 Q12 [2]

Define the decay constant of a radioactive isotope [2]

w19 42 Q12

Define radioactive half-life [2]

Calculating binding energy [4]

s19 42 Q12 [4]

Why actual activity not the same with calculated [2]

s20 43 Q12 [2]

Why kinetic energy of product is less than total energy released [2]

s19 42 Q12 [2]

Po -> Pb + He
KE of He not eq to energy equivalent to mass defect.

Why a nucleus of helium-4 does not spontaneously break down to become nuclei of hydrogen [2]

s20 42 Q12

or

What is meant by mass defect of a nucleus [2]

s20 42 Q12

Ideal Gases

State what is meant by an ideal gas [2]

If [3], write also:

r.m.s. equation [4]

s20 42 Q2

p = (1/3)ρ<c²>

Explain how terms are derived:

What is meant by symbol <c²> [2]

State the meaning of the symbol <c²> [1]

State two conditions for pV=constant × T to be valid [2]

State Avogadro’s constant [2]

State what is meant by a mole [2]

How molecular movement causes the pressure exerted by a gas [3]

m20 42 Q2

State the basic assumptions of the kinetic theory of gases [4]

Hint: sphere, volume, random motion, inter-collision, inter-force

Thermal Physics

What is meant by internal energy of a system [2]

Why absolute scale of temperature differs from other temperature scales [1]

What is meant by absolute zero of temperature [1]

What is meant by specific latent heat [3]

Define specific latent heat [2]

m17 42 Q2 [2]

Define specific latent heat of fusion [2]

w18 42 Q2

Why melting requires energy but there is no change in temperature [3]

s18 42 Q1

Two processes for which thermal energy is required during boiling [2]

The first law of thermodynamics [3]

m17 42 Q2 [2]

△U = q + W

Observations that show why temperature does not measure the amount of heat [4]